In order to help patients manage discomfort and pain during labor, nurses should be aware that:
1. the predominant pain of the first stage of labor is visceral pain located in the low-er portion of the abdomen.
2. referred pain is the extreme discomfort between contractions.
3. the somatic pain of the second stage of labor is more generalized and related to fatigue.
4. pain during the third stage is a somewhat milder version of the second stage.
1
1. Correct. The pain comes from cervical changes, distention of the lower uterine segment, and uterine ischemia.
2. Incorrect. Referred pain occurs when the pain that originates in the uterus radiates to the abdominal wall, lumbosacral area of the back, iliac crests, and gluteal area.
3. Incorrect. Second stage labor pain is intense, sharp, burning, and localized.
4. Incorrect. Third stage labor pain is similar to that of the first.
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