What are the differences between objective and projective measures of personality?
What will be an ideal response?
Essay should include:
Objective personality tests present subjects with questions and specific answer formats. Objective tests are usually standardized; i.e., the test is given to various populations. In this way, a test-taker can compare their scores with those who are similar to them on age, race, sex, etc. The MMPI is an objective test. Its scales have been constructed and validated empirically. In other words, it was devised on the basis of actual clinical data rather than psychological theory. Projective tests, on the other hand, have no clear-cut, definable answers. Subjects are presented with ambiguous stimuli and asked to interpret the images. Their answers are then analyzed and are said to reflect their personalities. Projective tests include the Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test.
Chapter 11: Stress, Health, and Coping
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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A limitation of the interview or survey method is that people may give inaccurate or misleading information about themselves
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
Which of the following is FALSE based on Godden's and Baddeley's 1975 research with the divers?
a) The context in which the divers learned the information probably assisted in their recall of the information when in that same context. b) Because the context was so unusual, all of the divers seemed to have a better memory for the words they learned on land. c) The divers' recall was not as good if they were in a different environment from where they learned the material. d) The divers who learned the list of words on land remembered the list better on land.
A researcher interested in aggression told participants his experiment investigated whether paying attention to details would affect how things taste. One group of participants wrote down details from a 5-minute violent gun scene. The second group of participants wrote details while watching a high-speed car chase. Afterward, participants tasted and rated a sample of water with a drop of hot sauce in it as a measure of "taste sensitivity." They were then asked to prepare a sample of water for the next participant, and could put in as much hot sauce as they wanted. There was no "next participant;" the amount of hot sauce was a measure of aggression. The researcher predicted participants who watched the violent gun scene would add more hot sauce. The ethical issue most relevant to this
experiment is A. asking participants to write details about movie scenes. B. deception. C. using hot sauce as a measure of aggression. D. cross-cultural bias.
Each of the following is true of recovered memories except ________
a. overzealous therapists may unwittingly create false memories by leading patients to vividly imagine incidents that never happened b. there is no evidence that any of them are memories of actual events c. people who have "recovered" memories of abuse have sometimes later realized that the events never occurred d. psychotherapists may shape people's recollections of early childhood memories