Explain how the first Egyptian civilization was shaped by its natural environment
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
The imposing natural barriers of desert and harbor-less seacoast surrounding Egypt protected it from outside influences and threats. Egypt was also well endowed with the natural resources necessary for forming a civilization. Those barriers and resources allowed it to develop a unique culture in isolation and security. Except for a narrow stretch of fertile land along the Nile River, Egypt is almost entirely desert. Without adequate rainfall, agriculture was made possible only because of the yearly flooding of the Nile, which carried rich deposits of silt along with it. The Nile was also the primary means of communication and transportation. Reeds growing in marshy areas along the river were used for making papyrus (paper), as well as items such as sails and ropes. Egyptians had plenty of stone and clay for building materials; they also had access to metals, from which they could fashion tools and decorative objects. Because of the need to predict the Nile floods and survey taxable agricultural land, mathematics and astronomy became advanced sciences in Egypt. Egyptian religion was rooted in the physical landscape of the Nile Valley and the recurrent cycles and periodic renewal caused by the environment.
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