Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. In many cases, probation is administered through the same jurisdiction that also oversees the jailhouse.
2. William Penn founded modern probation in Massachusetts.
3. In 1983, the state of Georgia created intensive supervised probation.
4. Parole is a control valve mechanism that mitigates the flow of inmates sent directly to the jailhouse.
5. The rate of probation absconders has, during the past decade, slightly increased from 9% to 10% and indicates a general need for improved methods of security for probationers.


1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True

Criminal Justice

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The reaction of luminol with blood results in the production of color rather than light

a. True b. False

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Which of the following could help researchers overcome the challenges of conducting survey-based research of white-collar crime?

a. Confront those being released from jail or prison about their white-collar crimes b. Conduct surveys of those in occupations where white-collar crime occurs c. Offer interview subjects inside tips on stock prices d. Build a connection with interview subjects over time e. Both B and D are correct

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Within 40 years of their initiation, penitentiaries had become overcrowded, understaffed, and minimally financed

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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__________ mushrooms have also been used for centuries in Native American religious ceremonies

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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