Discuss how pheromones are used by (nonhuman) animals to communicate with members of their own species or with other species. Provide at least three examples to support your answer
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Pheromones are chemicals that animals release to communicate with members of their own species. Many pheromones are considered to be sex pheromones because they elicit a response in the opposite sex, often being used to attract mates. For example, farmers have found that if they spray honeybee pheromones on crops, the presence of the pheromones enhances pollination of their crops. Biocontrol agents also include pheromones. Fruit farmers hang dispensers of pheromones from the apple codling moth, which is a pest of apples. Female moths release the pheromone to attract mates, but as the pheromone becomes widespread as a result of the dispensers, males have a hard time locating the females and mating success is decreased. Interspecies communication using pheromones has also been observed in nature. Some orchid species release chemicals that mimic insect pheromones; the pheromones attract insect pollinators to the orchids and enhance the flowers' reproductive success.
You might also like to view...
Increasing axon diameter decreases membrane and intracellular resistance, so it seems the two might cancel each other out in terms of their effect on the conduction speed. Yet, conduction speed is increased by increasing diameter size. Why?
A) Membrane resistance doesn't really affect conduction speed that much. B) Intracellular resistance doesn't really affect conduction speed that much. C) Membrane resistance decreases linearly while intracellular resistance decreases by the square of the radius. D) Intracellular resistance decreases linearly while membrane resistance decreases by the square of the radius.
What is the main determinant of cardiac muscle fiber length?
a. heart rate b. systolic blood pressure c. diastolic blood pressure d. the degree of systolic filling e. the degree of diastolic filling
Which of the following statements is correct about the structure of the heart wall?
A) The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart. B) The myocardium is the layer of the heart wall that is made up of the cardiac muscle cells. C) Connective tissue in the heart helps in conduction of the action potential. D) The heart chambers are lined by endomysium.
What cell type does number 3 indicate?
A. Ependymal cell B. Astrocyte C. Neurolemmocyte D. Satellite cell E. Microglial cell