According to your textbook, which of the following is a drawback to the traditional approach to evaluations, where employees are evaluated by their immediate supervisors?
A) Supervisors have no incentive to perform accurate evaluations.
B) Supervisors only have one perspective on an employee.
C) Evaluating subordinates typically takes up too much of a supervisor's time.
D) Most supervisors are not qualified to accurately evaluate their subordinates.
Answer: B
Rationale: A supervisor has only one perspective, which may be described as a top-down perspective. A clever employee may be substandard in many aspects of the job, yet have the ability to present a positive image to the boss. Therefore it is essential to include other points of view in the evaluation process.
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According to the research on treatment discrimination,
a. women and men are now treated almost exactly the same in the workplace, except in the area of salary. b. even in the current era, women are more likely than men to receive negative evaluations in the workplace. c. women who act in a traditionally feminine manner are especially likely to receive negative evaluations in the workplace. d. women are especially likely to receive negative evaluations in the workplace if the raters are focused on the evaluation task, rather than having several tasks to do at the same time.
Little Albert was conditioned to fear white rats when the appearance of the white rat was always followed by a loud noise. When Little Albert saw a rabbit for the first time, he showed a similar fear response. Little Albert's fear of rabbits illustrates the classical conditioning process referred to as:
a. stimulus discrimination b. stimulus generalization c. aversive conditioning d. conditioned inhibition
Generalizing from the text, a child who is frequently punished at home is likely to develop a tendency to become:
a. more aggressive b. less aggressive c. more egocentric d. envious
Which of the following statements about the causes of obesity is true?
A) Fraternal twins are more likely to share the disorder than identical twins. B) Obese children are less responsive than normal-weight individuals to internal hunger cues. C) Inactivity is a consequence, not a cause, of obesity. D) Parents of overweight children rarely use high-fat, sugary foods as behavior reinforcers.