If labor markets are competitive, discriminating employers
a. will have to pay higher wages since the available labor supply is smaller.
b. will have higher costs and therefore be at a competitive disadvantage.
c. will be driven out of business by nondiscriminators.
d. All of the above are true.
d
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Which of the following is a reason why decreases in the price level result in a rise in aggregate expenditure?
A) Price level decreases cause firms and consumers to hold less money, which lowers the interest rate. Lower interest rates raise consumption and planned investment expenditures, which raises aggregate expenditure. B) As the price level falls, government spending rises, which raises aggregate expenditure. C) Price level decreases in the United States relative to other countries' lower net exports, which raises aggregate expenditure. D) Price level decreases reduce real wealth, which causes consumption spending and aggregate expenditure to rise.
In a simplified system, a bank receiving a new deposit can extend new loans equal to the amount by which its excess reserves increase
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Officers of five large building-materials companies meet and agree than none of them will submit bids on government contracts lower than an agreed-upon level. This is an example of:
A. price fixing. B. vertical restriction. C. a tying contract. D. an interlocking directorate.
Refer to the figure below. In response to gradually falling inflation, this economy will eventually move from its short-run equilibrium to its long-run equilibrium. Graphically, this would be seen as 
A. long-run aggregate supply shifting leftward B. Short-run aggregate supply shifting upward C. Short-run aggregate supply shifting downward D. Aggregate demand shifting leftward