Which phrase best describes the proton-motive force?

a. the amount of energy required to protonate a glucose molecule
b. the force needed to move protons into the inner mitochondrial space
c. the free energy associated with the removal of hydrogen from NADH
d. the combination of a proton and voltage gradient across the membrane


Ans: d. the combination of a proton and voltage gradient across the membrane

Biology & Microbiology

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Each cell is able to maintain an internal environment within a range that favors survival. This condition is called ___________.

A. metabolism B. homeostasis C. physiology D. adaptation E. evolution

Biology & Microbiology

What is a clone?

A) a protein produced by a recombinant bacterium B) any animal that contains recombinant DNA C) any cell that contains recombinant DNA D) an exact copy of a DNA, cell, or organism

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Which of the following are muscle cells that are active in vasoconstriction and vasodilation of blood vessels?

A. Skeletal muscle cells B. Cardiac muscle cells C. Endocardium D. Smooth muscle

Biology & Microbiology

At what point(s) on the graph does the growth of the predator population = 0?

a. at the 2 points where the prey isoclines intersects the ellipse b. at the 2 points where the predator isoclines intersects the ellipse

Biology & Microbiology