The Janissary revolt in Serbia and the execution of Selim III taught Ottoman leaders that reform had to be more systematic. The Ottoman response was the Tanzimat. Describe those reforms and evaluate their effectiveness
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
The Tanzimat included guaranteed political rights that were similar in some ways to those in the Magna Carta but were restricted to men and the public sphere. The guarantees covered the right to public trials, equal protection under the law for all religious persuasions, limited rights of privacy, equal eligibility of men for military service, education reform, and new tax collection methods, which eliminated the outdated tax-farming system. These reforms came on the heels of Mahmud II's overhaul of the auqaf (charitable trust) system and the subsequent limiting of powerful religious elites. The Ottoman Empire thus became a leader in secular reforms within the Islamic world and developed a system that most nearly resembled a constitution. The reforms helped modernize the empire.
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