Probation has its origins in which country?

a. United States of America
b. France
c. England
d. Italy


a. United States of America

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RAND found that white suspects are more likely to be given longer sentences than minority suspects

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. STATIC-99 is a 10-item psychometric instrument for measuring risk of recidivism specifically designed for use with adult murderers. 2. In England and Wales, Category A prisoners are considered the most dangerous, having crimes such as murder, rape, indecent assault, and fire arms offences.

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The Supreme Court has relied on doctrine of respondeat superior ("let the master answer"), borrowed from tort (noncriminal wrongs) law in addressing issues of vicarious liability in the corporate world. Explain the meaning of respondeat superior. Why is this concept important to vicarious liability in the corporate world?

What will be an ideal response?

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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1. Hirschi and Stark’s ”Hellfire and Delinquency” found a very weak relationship between church attendance and non-delinquency. 2. In ‘The Natural History of Nonsense’, Evans outlines numerous examples of commonsense-nonsense issues that have greatly hindered human progress. 3. Replication combines rational theoretical explanation with the scientific method. 4. Verification is confirmation of the accuracy of findings. 5. Systematic application of the scientific method to research problems provided only nominal breakthroughs in the development of knowledge.

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