Pushes and pulls are closely associated with:

A) labeling theory. B) strain theory.
C) differential association theory. D) containment theory.


D

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Which is not a means for girls to participate in gang activity?

a) autonomous, independent gang b) female auxiliary c) gender-integrated gang d) migration

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Describe what is meant by economic victimization. How widespread is the problem, and what is its impact on individuals and economies? What trends do you see in economic victimization? (pages 202-203 in text)

What will be an ideal response?

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The ________ advocated a prison system which shifted the emphasis from punishing the body to reforming the mind and soul.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

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Smoking cigarettes is a status offense for a juvenile.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

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