Explain why FADH2 generates less ATP than NADH
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: NADH enters the mitochondrial electron transfer system at Complex I, while FADH2 enters
at Complex II. Complex I pumps H+ into the intermembrane compartment whereas Complex
II does not. Therefore, NADH can contribute additional H+ to the gradient, which will
translate into an increase in proton motive force and increased ATP. Also, NADH contains an
abundance of free energy (higher energy than FADH2) and can be oxidized readily.
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Which of the following statements concerning infection with Toxoplasma gondii is FALSE?
A. It is one of the world's most widely distributed protozoan parasites in humans. B. It is typically contracted by eating undercooked meat. C. Even though it can be transmitted across the placenta, it is harmless to the fetus. D. The majority of infected people are asymptomatic. E. It usually results in no permanent damage and is self-limiting.
Place the following steps in the correct order to reflect how a plaque assay is done.1. Several dilutions of sample to be assayed are prepared.2. Dilutions are mixed with the appropriate bacterial host.3. Bacterial/sample dilution mixtures are plated on agar plates.4. Plates are incubated to allow for plaque development.5. Plates from different dilutions are examined and plaques are counted.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
If a guard cell expressed a potassium channel that constantly pumped potassium into the cell, what would be the effect on the stomata?
A. Stomata would be always open. B. Stomata would function normally. C. Stomata would open and close at random. D. Stomata would be always closed.
Lipids act as _________ ______ within organisms; example: cell membrane is made up of lipids. fats
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).