Which of the following conditions tend to cause laminar flow to become turbulent (producing a high Reynold's number)?
1. High linear gas velocity
2. High gas density
3. Low gas viscosity
4. Smaller tube diameter
a. 2, 3, and 4 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 1 and 4 only
ANS: C
In a smooth-bore tube, laminar flow becomes turbulent when NR exceeds 2000 (the number is dimensionless). According to the previous formula, conditions favoring turbulent flow include increased fluid velocity, increased fluid density, increased tube radius, or decreased fluid viscos-ity. In the presence of irregular tube walls, turbulent flow can occur when NR is less than 2000.
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