Animals can communicate but their communication is different from a language. Describe three ways in which animal communication and language differ
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: One characteristic of language is the duality of patterning. Meaningless sounds (phonemes) are combined to form meaningful units or morphemes. Further, the phonemes can be combined in a variety of ways to create a variety of meaningful units. Animal communication consists of one sound for a particular signal; the sounds are not combined in different ways to create new signals. Arbitrariness refers to the unpredictability between the sounds of a word and the meaning of the word. Human language is also generative in that morphemes, words, and sentences can be recombined to convey a limitless number of ideas. Related to generative capacity is recursion. Recursion refers to the embedding of pieces of a sentence in other pieces of a sentence or whole sentence. The vocal tract of humans and animals create certain sounds.
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Silas participated in a psychology experiment in which he was shown a series of word pairs and was asked to rate them on the basis of how well they fit together. Two days later, he was shown the same pairs of words, but this time, one of the words in the pair was missing. Nevertheless, Silas recalls almost all the missing words even though he was not asked to remember them. The type of study that
he participated in was most likely interested in the effects of ____. a. ?priming b. ?heuristics c. ?the law of effect d. ?perceptual organization
Emily is a middle-aged woman who lives alone. Her income is secure and her life is comfortable. Still, she seems unhappy and without direction, possibly because she lacks
a. autonomy. b. disengagement. c. generativity. d. a sense of identity.
Use Erikson’s concept of lack of intimacy to explain Hank’s problems in establishing long-term relationships with women. How does this differ from the Freudian explanation?
What will be an ideal response?
The idea that community programs should be based on research findings is most directly related to which community psychology core value?
a. individual and family wellness b. empirical grounding c. respect for human diversity d. empowerment and citizen participation