Explain the basic premise of a trait theory. Which trait theories have received the most interest, and why? How do psychologists study the degree to which personality traits and behavior patterns are inherited, and what have they found?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Trait theories suggest that personalities are combinations of traits, which are enduring qualities or attributes that predispose individuals to behave consistently across situations. Trait theorists include Allport, Cattell, and Eysenck, and theories include intervening variables, categories of traits (cardinal, central, and secondary), 16 source traits, and the five-factor theory. Heritability studies show that almost all personality characteristics are influenced by genetic factors.
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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. People with antisocial personality disorder are at high risk for substance abuse. 2. Antisocial personality disorder is associated with extreme introversion and withdrawal from relationships. 3. The term sociopath refers to someone diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. 4. The brains of those diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder tend to exhibit increased activity in the amygdala. 5. Women attempt suicide more often than do men.
Neurotransmitters are __________ that travel across the __________ to another cell.
A. electrical signals; neural receptors B. electrical signals; synapse C. chemicals; neural receptors D. chemicals; synapse
Explain why the common misconception that schizophrenia means split personality is not correct.
What will be an ideal response?
Yasmine wakes up screaming every night, and her parents have a hard time comforting her. Her heart is racing, and her pajamas are soaked in sweat. The next day, she has no memory of the experience. Would Yasmine likely be diagnosed with a mental health disorder?
A. No, because nightmares and night terrors are common among children in all cultures. B. No, because she doesn't remember it in the morning, so it doesn't cause her distress. C. Yes, because her behavior is extreme and it also causes her parents distress. D. Yes, because she has physical symptoms like sweating and high heart rate that accompany her behavior.