How did northern European monarchies consolidate their power and form strong states? Provide specific examples.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. The union of Castile and Aragon
2. Law as a unifying institution, as in Germany, or a tool of central authority, as in England
3. Taxation of the peasants and other forms of raising income
4. The development of standing national armies
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How did the Historia de las Indias change the colonization of the New World?
a. It helped the Spanish recognize that they needed to be ruthless in order to prevail. b. It helped the Spanish recognize that they needed to reform in order to prevail. c. It helped the Spanish recognize that there was no way that they would be able to prevail over the powerful empires in the New World. d. It helped the Spanish recognize that Spanish culture was vastly superior to native culture. e. It helped the Spanish recognize that Spanish culture was vastly inferior to native culture.
What was the precedent set by the English colonization of Ireland?
A. that if the Spanish could attempt an attack on the English, the English could respond with an attack on the Irish B. that it was justifiable to brutally repress a race that they believed to be inferior C. that Catholics had a perfect right in the name of the church to conquer Protestants D. that a nearby domain was fair game for conquest
By the end of Queen Elizabeth?s reign, England
A) was the most prosperous state in Europe. B) was heavily in debt. C) was no longer the financial center of Europe. D) was threatened by a Catholic plot led by Mary Stuart. E) was weakened by rebellion.
What factors contributed most to the consumer revolution in the eighteenth century?
What will be an ideal response?