Give an example how recent research refutes some of Piaget's understanding of preschool children's abilities.
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
- Developmental psychologist Rochel Gelman found that children as young as 3 can easily tell the difference between rows of two and three toy animals regardless of the toys' spacing.
- Gelman concludes that children have an innate ability to count, akin to learning language This is at odds with Piagetian notions, which suggest that children's numerical abilities do not blossom until after the preoperational period.
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This is one critical factor in a research study that can make previously insignificant changes significant:
a. ethical use of participants c. researcher credibility b. funding sources d. increasing the sample size
For Heider, _____ include abilities and motivation, whereas _____ include task difficulty and luck
a. individual beliefs; social beliefs b. intelligence strengths; effort strengths c. dispositional attributions; situational attributions d. environmental attributions; personal attributions
Cross-cultural research revealed that the most altruistic children come from societies in which ________
a. children's work makes a genuine contribution to the well-being of the family. b. parents encourage children toward individual achievement. c. parents want their children to be leaders and to be self-fulfilled. d. children are expected to spend their time playing rather than working.
The layer of pigmented cells supporting the photoreceptors in the retina and absorbing random light is known as the
A. macula. B. epithelium. C. fovea. D. ganglion layer.