Andrew had robbed a convenience store employee of cash, but exchanged gunfire with a security guard, seriously wounding him

Question

Later, Andrew became despondent over the injuries he had inflicted on the convenience store guard and went to confession at his parish where the parish priest suggested that the honest thing to do would be to return the money, turn himself over to the police, and make a full confession to them— just as he had to the priest. Andrew went to the convenience store and returned the money. He asked the new clerk to phone the police. When the police arrived, Andrew made a complete confession and inquired how the injured store guard was doing in the hospital. The police officer did not interrupt Andrew to offer any Miranda warning, but just listened after placing Andrew's hand in cuffs behind his back.
A) The confession is involuntary since the police never told him that he did not have to confess by reading Andrew the Miranda warnings once Andrew was in police custody.
B) Andrew's confession should be excluded because Andrew was under stress caused by his act of injuring another person, a factor that made his confession coerced due to his stress of the situation.
C) The confession should not be admissible because it was not really voluntary, and it was coerced since it was motivated by spiritual advice offered by the priest.
D) Andrew's confession to the police was voluntary under the circumstances and there has been no violation by law enforcement officials of the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination.
E) Both B and C are correct responses.

Answer 1

D