The state of Arizona has passed a tax reform bill that taxes property owners at a specified rate with the exception of mines and utilities. Both mines and utilities are assigned a higher rate of tax for their properties. A state legislator commented on
the bill, "In some of these small towns, without the higher rate of taxation for mines and utilities, the schools in these towns would suffer because the property is worth nothing and there are no property tax dollars coming in. We have to tax these area's wealthiest citizens at a different rate and those citizens happen to be the mining companies and the public utilities." Is the tax constitutional?
In this case, the Arizona Court of Appeals held that the method of taxation, while certainly motivated by proper concerns, singled out particular businesses for higher tax rates. While business property in general could be taxed at higher rates, the legislature could not single out particular taxpayers for payment of higher rates. The taxation scheme was declared unconstitutional as violative of the equal protection clause.
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The matching rule
A) results in the recording of a known amount for bad-debt losses. B) necessitates the recording of an estimated amount for bad debts. C) requires that all bad-debt losses be recorded when an individual customer defaults. D) is violated when the allowance method is employed.
Which type of audit has the broadest scope and may involve a complete analysis of the taxpayer's accounting records?
A. Field examination B. Correspondence examination C. Office examination D. All of the above
Gamma Corporation is considering an investment of $518,000 in a land development project
The investment will yield cash inflows of $220,000 per year for five years. The company uses a discount rate of 9%. What is the net present value of the investment? Present value of an ordinary annuity of $1: 8% 9% 10% 1 0.926 0.917 0.909 2 1.783 1.759 1.736 3 2.577 2.531 2.487 4 3.312 3.24 3.17 5 3.993 3.89 3.791 A) $238,280 B) $337,800 C) $341,880 D) $220,000
The objective of the center-of-gravity technique is to
a. Minimize customer satisfaction b. Maximize project quality c. Minimize total transportation costs d. Maximize customer satisfaction