How can the therapist recognize if a mechanically ventilated patient is experiencing pain? I. using visual analog scales II. reading the lips of the patient III. observing behavioral signs of pain IV. employing a numeric rating scale
A. I, IV only
B. II, III only
C. III, IV only
D. I, III, IV only
?ANS: D
A. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
C. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
D. Correct response: The following means are available for recognizing patient pain: (1) visual analog scales, (2) numeric rating scales, and (3) observing behavioral sign of pain. Patients who are alert and cooperative can use either visual analog scales or numeric rating scales. Patients with altered level of consciousness require a different approach when recognizing pain. Observing behavioral signs of pain such as writhing, grimacing, posturing, and facial expressions is a beneficial method for this group of patients.
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