One of the techniques that has been especially useful for learners having cognitive impairment is called fading. What description best explains this technique?
a. Positive reinforcement when tasks or behaviors are mastered
b. Repeated verbal explanations until tasks are faded into the child's development
c. Negative reinforcement for specific tasks or behaviors that need to be faded out
d. Gradually reduces the assistance given to the child so the child becomes more independent
ANS: D
Fading is physically taking the child through each sequence of the desired activity and gradually fading out the physical assistance so the child becomes more independent. Positive reinforcement when tasks or behaviors are mastered is part of behavior modification. An essential component is ignoring undesirable behaviors. Verbal explanations are not as effective as demonstration and physical guidance. Consistent negative reinforcement is helpful, but positive reinforcement that focuses on skill attainment should be incorporated.
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