A 77-year-old patient is being treated for cardiac arrhythmi
a. The nurse determines that the patient's cardiac output is adequate with which assessments? (Select all that apply.)
a. Urine output of 140 cc over 4 hours
b. Systolic blood pressure that remains within 20 mm of baseline
c. Denial of substernal pain
d. Recollection of the birthdays of all of her grandchildren
e. Absence of rales and crackles
A, B, D, E
The patient will maintain an adequate cardiac output, as evidenced by heart rate and rhythm within normal range, stable blood pressure, adequate peripheral pulses, mental alertness, urine output of 30 mL/hr, and clear breath sounds. Normal mentation also denotes good cardiac output, but the patient may have too many birthdays to remember, so this is not the best indicator of cognitive status.
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