Protruding from the inner membrane of the mitochondria into the matrix are knoblike spheres called ________ complexes, which are attached by a short protein stalk to a(n) ________ complex. Together these complexes are referred to as the ________ complex
Fill in the blank with correct word.
Answer: F1; Fo; FoF1 (or F1Fo)
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Alternative splicing
_____ results in different proteins in the same family. _____ is important for multicellular organisms with different cell types. _____ results in proteins that can quickly be activated and deactivated. _____ is a gene regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes. _____ have pre-RNA that are the same as other genes.
Which of the following statements regarding viral diseases is false?
A) RNA viruses tend to have an unusually high rate of mutation because their RNA genomes cannot be corrected by proofreading. B) New viral diseases often emerge when a virus infects a new host species. C) Very few new human diseases have originated in other animals because the genetic differences are too great. D) AIDS was around for decades before becoming a widespread epidemic.
In a family, both parents have freckles and widow's peak. Both of these traits are dominant: F = freckles, W = widow's peak. What is the correct phenotypic ratio of the next generation if the parents were heterozygous? The order of the genotypes is:
freckled with widow's peak; freckled, straight hairline; no freckles with widow's peak; no freckles, straight hairline. A) 9:1:1:3 B) 9:3:3:1 C) 9:3:1:1 D) 1:3:3:9
A. Match each equation in column A with the corresponding standard redox potential in column B
Column A Column B 1. H2O ?½O2 + 2H+ + 2 e– A. +30 mV 2. reduced ubiquinone ? oxidized ubiquinone + 2H+ + 2 e– B. +820 mV 3. NADH ? NAD+ + H+ + 2 e– C. +230 mV 4. reduced cytochrome c? oxidized cytochrome c + e– D.–320 mV B. How do these standard redox potentials support our understanding of the stepwise electron transfers that occur in the electron-transport chain? C. Why would it not be advantageous for living systems to evolve a mechanism for the direct transfer of electrons from NADH to O2?