Indicate the phylogenies that show the same relationship as the phylogeny above. (Select all that apply.)A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
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What will be an ideal response?
A, D
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question?
o This question addresses cladograms.
• What type of thinking is required?
o This question is asking you to weigh and judge, or evaluate, evidence to choose the best of the possible answers.
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
o A phylogeny is a diagram describing a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships.
Gather Content
• What do you already know about cladograms?
o Cladograms are diagrams that represent hypotheses about evolutionary relationships.
o Cladograms are constructed according to the rules of cladistics.
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
o The important thing about a cladogram is the branching pattern and location of nodes. So if the species branch off with a different pattern, they do not represent the same evolutionary tree.
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem-solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer?
o Two of the cladograms are the same except that a clade is rotated above a node. The order of listed species doesn't matter as long as the branching pattern is the same, so these represent the same tree.
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
o This question asked which cladograms showed the same hypothesis as the original cladogram.
o The question required you to weigh and judge, or evaluate, evidence to choose the best of the possible answers.
o Did you recognize that you can "spin" the branches above a node on the cladogram, and it is the same cladogram?
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