We are testing the hypothesis that treatment A improves pain. In a double-blind randomized controlled trial of people in more pain than usual, we find an equal improvement in pain in both the treatment group given A, and a control group not given A. What can we say about the role of placebo and/or regression to the mean?
A. One or both might be at work: we can't say which.
B. Given the study design, placebo effect is probably the cause of the improvement in both groups.
C. Given the study design, regression to the mean is probably the cause of the improvement in both groups.
D. Given the study design, neither of these factors could be the cause of the improvement
Ans: A. One or both might be at work: we can't say which.
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
The conclusion of a valid argument may be false.
Which of the following displays the informal fallacy of appeal to pity?
A. A classmate concedes a disagreement with you, but only because she believes you are not smart enough to win a debate with her. B. A student asks a teacher to give him an A in a course because if he gets anything less, he will not get into medical school. C. A man argues that you should believe that he is rich because if you do not, he will punch you in the face. D. A woman argues that you must be wrong because you are a jerk.
Let the domain of interpretation be the set of all people; let S denote the class of scholars, A denote the class of athletes, and ...C__denote the binary relationship ...is more competitive than ___. Benefits of modern techniques of symbolizing logic include a. the ability to expose some types of fallacious arguments. b. the ability to unify various aspects of sentential logic, categorical
logic, andrelational logic. c. Both of these choices. d. None of these choices.
"Wu wei" means "to act."
Indicate whether the statement is true or false