Discuss the most common oral manifestations of autoimmune diseases, and the oral and nutritional implications
What will be an ideal response?
Oral manifestations of autoimmune disease include salivary gland dysfunction, recurrent apthous ulcers (RAS), and secondary fungal infection (e.g. candidiasis). Salivary gland dysfunction can lead to xerostomia, which can further result in an increased caries risk, risk for candidiasis, taste changes, and challenges chewing and swallowing foods with little moisture. Xerostomia may result in decreased calorie intake, decreased intake of certain foods that are harder to chew and swallow, and overall increase risk of weight loss and nutrient deficiency. RAS can make it difficult to eat spicy, acidic, hard, or crisp foods, which may further limit overall caloric and nutrient intake. Finally, the drugs commonly used to manage autoimmune diseases may result in side effects such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, stomatitis, and esophagitis, all of which may further compromise nutritional status.
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