Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment
What will be an ideal response?
In general, reinforcement causes response likelihoods to increase. Responses can be strengthened (reinforced) either by presenting positive reinforcers or by removing negative reinforcers. Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of behavior by allowing the organism to escape or avoid aversive stimuli. In escape learning, an organism learns to perform a behavior that decreases or ends aversive stimulation (turning on the air conditioner). In avoidance learning, an organism learns to prevent or avoid some aversive stimulation (turn on the a/c before it gets too hot).
In general, punishment causes response likelihoods to decrease. Punishment occurs when an event following a response weakens the tendency to make that response. Punishment is much more than disciplinary procedure; punishment may involve presentation of an aversive stimulus (spanking) or removal of a rewarding stimulus (taking away TV).
You might also like to view...
In general, in which of the following situations are women more likely to offer help than men?
a. In close relationships b. Toward strangers c. In emergency situations d. In public (when onlookers are present)
In a single-subject phase change study, it does not matter how long it takes for behavior to change after a phase change as long as there eventually is a large change in behavior
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Drive theory and arousal theory both suggest that motivation has its roots in ____
a. ?learning b. ?mental processes c. ?emotions d. ?biology
Jill is taking part in a therapy session in which role reversal and the mirror technique are being used. Jill is most likely in which type of therapy?
a. psychodrama b. logotherapy c. psychodynamic family therapy d. rational-emotive behavior therapy