A group of college students is taking part in an interesting experiment. While they are exposed to one of three different odors, they are asked to learn a list of words
Later, the researcher checks their recall in sessions in which the odor is either present or not. What is this research likely to reveal about the process of memory?
a) When participants were exposed to the same odor during learning and memory trials, memory improved.
b) Memory improved in cases in which the odor was pleasant; unpleasant odors had a negative effect on memory.
c) The effect of the odor was highly variable; in some cases it improved memory and in others it decreased memory in ways the investigators could not understand.
d) The presence of an odor, regardless of which one, tended to have a distracting effect because participants did not know whether to direct their attention to the source of the odor or the material to be learned.
ANS: a
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