A patient is being assessed in the emergency department following a skiing accident in which the patient was found unconscious at the foot of a tree with his left leg at an obtuse angle. Which concept of hypothermia should guide the nurse's assessment and plan of care?
A) Shivering increases body temperature and reduces the metabolic demand.
B) Hypothermia reduces perfusion to the tissues.
C) Hypothermia improves hypoxia.
D) Hypothermia stimulates activity of clotting factors.
B) Hypothermia reduces perfusion to the tissues.
Explanation: A) As the patient begins to experience hypothermia, the body responds with shivering, which increases oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle and metabolic demand. The increased metabolic demand in conjunction with decreased volume and perfusion problems leads to issues with acid-base regulation, ultimately resulting in metabolic acidosis.
B) Relative hypothermia leads to impaired perfusion, which is compounded by the trauma patient's hypovolemic state.
C) Relative hypothermia leads to impaired perfusion, which is compounded by the trauma patient's hypovolemic state. This decrease in perfusion leads to decreased oxygenation and decreased heat production. This leads to worsening hypoxia.
D) The body's clotting factors are less active at lower body temperatures, leading to further blood loss.
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