The nurse is going to calculate the normal cardiac output for an adult patient. Which of the following will be needed to make this calculation?
1. age
2. height
3. body surface area
4. weight
3
Rationale: Cardiac output is most affected by body size. Age alone does not necessarily influence cardiac output. The most accurate influence for cardiac output is not height independently, nor weight independently, but together proportionately height and weight have an impact on cardiac output. Therefore, the correct answer is body surface area because this considers both height and weight in combination for a patient.
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