What is the proton-motive force?
a. the force needed to move protons into the inner mitochondrial space
b. the amount of energy required to protonate a glucose molecule
c. the free energy associated with the removal of hydrogen from NADH
d. the combination of a proton and voltage gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
e. the synthesis of ATP from a proton gradient
ANSWER: d
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Which of the following does (do) not always require the presence of living bacteria?
A. Food poisoning B. Bacterial diarrhea C. Intoxications D. All of the choices are correct.
Referring to Figure 5-21, which of the following modifications requires ATP?
A. methylation B. ubiquitination C. myristoylation D. acetylation E. adenylylation
Marsupials are distinguished by:
A. a marsupium B. a marzipan C. opposable thumbs D. nails E. All of the choices provided are correct
Air enters human lungs from the mouth by passing through the ________.
A. posterior air sacs B. trachea C. spiracles D. esophagus E. nasal cavities