In Baker v. Carr (1962), the Supreme Court ruled that ________
A. state legislatures could be malapportioned as long as the most populous district had no more than twice as many residents as the least populous district
B. voters have standing to challenge legislative apportionment
C. majority-minority districts were unconstitutional
D. apportionment cannot be on the basis of regions or geography in state legislatures
E. it is legal to take race and ethnicity into consideration when redistricting
B
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Which of the following statements regarding the military in Haiti is true?
a. The military has played an essential role in Haiti by blocking rebellions against the government and preventing the so-called insurrection-coup d'etat. b. The military suffered a major loss in credibility during the occupation of the United States, since it was perceived as weak and disorganized. c. The military was formally disbanded in 1994, in the hope of limiting is impact on civilian politics. d. The military has never had a central bureaucracy, or a strong identity in comparison to civilian institutions.
Which of the following best describes the "accommodationist" position on church-state matters?
A) ?Government should hold a position of neutrality toward religion. B) ?Government may recognize an official religion. C) ?Government may not aid religious schools. D) Government must have a complete separation from religion. E) Government must provide financial support for various religions.
How do African American perceptions of the criminal justice system compare with those of whites?
a. Most whites and African Americans believe the criminal justice system is fundamentally unfair.
b. When the victim is black, whites and African Americas attribute police brutality to individual malfeasance by officers, not as racism.
c. Whites see the disproportionate percentages of African Americans in prison as discrimination, whereas African Americans see it as a product of greater criminality among African Americans.
d. Most whites believe the criminal justice system is fundamentally fair; most African Americans do not.
Which of the following was a unique exception to the suppression of female participation in colonial times?
a. trade b. politics c. property ownership d. religion