A patient who is Native American comes to you complaining of left ear pain. He gives a history of frequent upper respiratory infections, smoking, and working construction in the cold weather. You suspect that he has
a. air bubbles behind his tympanic membrane.
b. spores in his external ear canal.
c. a foreign body in his ear.
d. otitis media.
D
Risk factors for otitis media include a child less than 2 years of age; frequent upper respiratory tract infections; cold weather; male gender; Caucasian, Native American, or Alaskan; family history (parents, siblings); pacifier use after 6 months of age; smoky environment; day care attendance; bottle-fed; Down syndrome; and craniofacial disorders. Air bubbles behind the tympanic membrane is a symptom of otitis media with effusion or serous otitis media. Spores in the external ear canal appear black, brown, yellow, or orange, and are caused by prolonged use of aural antibiotics.
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