Vectors capable of entering two or more different host organisms are known as
A) dual vectors.
B) omnivectors.
C) shuttle vectors.
D) parity vectors.
E) universal vectors.
C
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A scientist reports the isolation of a new blood-borne virus that completely shuts down presentation of viral epitopes on MHC molecules in the cells it infects
He produces an internet video describing it and how it will be indestructible by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and will kill millions (if not billions) of people.The medical community quickly denounces the dire warning as irrevlevant, and the whole thing is quickly forgotten-why? A. CD8+ T cells are not the cells that are responsible for killing virally infected cells. The terrorist mad scientist is a misinformed idiot. B. While CD8+ T cells ARE important for eliminating a viral infection, they are not the ONLY things that are capable of doing so. Natural killer cells can kill virally infected cells that have shut down MHC antigen presentation, and interferons can assist in cleaning virally infected cells. C. A blood-borne virus would not be capable of rapidly infecting millions of people, due to its difficult mode of transmission. D. B cells would be primed right away to produce complement proteins to destroy the virus. This would prevent cells from being infected with it in the first place. His plot would be foiled. E. While CD8+ T cells ARE important for eliminating a viral infection, they are not the ONLY things that are capable of doing so. Natural killer cells can kill virally infected cells that have shut down MHC antigen presentation, and interferons can assist in cleaning virally infected cells AND a blood-borne virus would not be capable of rapidly infecting millions of people, due to its difficult mode of transmission.
Capillary walls consist only of
A. a single layer of epithelial cells covered by connective tissue. B. connective tissue. C. a single layer of endothelial cells. D. smooth muscle. E. a single layer of epithelial cells covered by smooth muscle.
Which of the following is TRUE of both T cells and B cells?
A. They have class I MHC molecules on their cell surface. B. They recognize specific antigens on the cell surface. C. They are involved in the humoral immune response. D. They are lymphocytes. E. All of the responses are correct.
The BLM protein plays a role in separating DNA molecules during S phase. What molecular process does the BLM protein act on?
A) DNA replication B) transcription C) translation