Testing effects can be reduced by _____
a. giving the pretest and posttest during the same experimental session
b. increasing the interval of time between the pretest and posttest
c. increasing the difficulty of the posttest
d. increasing the difficulty of the pretest
B
If the interval of time between the pretest and posttest is increased, participants may not remember the pretest as well when they take the posttest, thereby reducing testing effects.
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Mario was fired from his job of 20 years, experienced the death of his mother, and rarely sees his children after his divorce. He believes that he has bad luck and that everything he does seems to end in a mess. In the context of the life-events approach, he is most likely to
a. learn new skills more easily than in the past. b. bounce back soon. c. become depressed. d. develop a heightened sense of resiliency as a result of these challenges.
Multiple personality, or dissociative identity disorder, often begins
a. as a result of combat exhaustion. b. in adulthood as a response to unremitting phobias. c. as a consequence of obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. in childhood as a result of unbearable experiences.
Most psychological disorders result from ____.?
a. ?biological factors b. ?sociocultural factors c. ?psychological factors d. ?a combination of biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors
Conduct disorder:
a. typically does not emerge until adolescence. b. is more common in girls than in boys. c. shows a good deal of stability across time. d. is not related to family or marital conflict.