According to the Critical Thinking box, psychologists Irving Kirsch and Wayne Braffman propose that many highly suggestible participants are just as responsive to suggestions when they have not been hypnotized as when they have been hypnotized. They note that hypnosis does not reflect a distinct brain state but rather individual differences in the degree to which a person is able to experience an imaginary state of affairs as if it were real. Their explanation of hypnosis is called:
a. the neodissociation theory.
b. the imaginative-suggestibility view.
c. the activation-synthesis model.
d. the social-cognitive theory.
Answer: b. the imaginative-suggestibility view.
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Research suggests that the most effective treatment for enuresis is to ____
a. ignore the problem and letting the child take responsibility for changing the behavior when he or she is ready b. increase the depth of sleep with sleeping pills and at the same time, decreasing the volume of urine with medication c. offer aversive conditioning to make the child associate shame and guilt with bed-wetting d. provide support to the parents and child by setting up reward systems or using a bedtime urine alarm
________ are useful when the variables cannot be manipulated or controlled by the experimenter.
A. Case-control studies B. Experimental studies C. Naturalistic observations D. Correlational studies
Life-threatening weight loss due to self-inflicted starvation is called
a. conditioned fasting. b. voluntary malnutrition. c. anorexia nervosa. d. bulimia nervosa.
Mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy can cause their offspring to exhibit fetal alcohol _____________ disorders, or FASD, a cluster of abnormatilies
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).