A tomato plant is mutated with gamma radiation. A cellular analysis reveals that ATP synthase complexes found in the thylakoid membrane are inserted backwards into the membrane. What is the most likely outcome of this error?
A. The ATP synthase will pump protons into the stroma in this orientation.
B. The proton gradient in the thylakoid space will not be able to be used to generate ATP.
C. The thylakoid membrane will become permeable to protons as a result of this change.
D. A proton gradient will not be established in the thylakoid space in response to the activation of photosystem II.
E. This change is not likely to have any effect on the function of the ATP synthase enzyme with respect to its role in photosynthesis.
Answer: B
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Statistical analysis of genetic variation within and among human populations—including those we identify as different races—reveal:
A. more genetic variation between groups than we see within groups. B. more genetic variation within groups than we see between groups. C. no clear pattern of genetic variationâ€"in some regions, we would see more variation within than among groups, and in some regions we would see the opposite. D. a correlation between the amount of genetic variation between groups and the length of time the groups have been isolated from one another. E. None of the above.
Where does the process of transcription initiate?
A. Promoter B. Terminator C. Regulation sequences D. Transcription factors
Which group of organisms has a pattern of gastrulation that is the most similar to humans?
a. amphibians b. birds c. drosophila d. sea urchins e. zebra fish
Paired lungs are characteristic of
a. some fishes. b. all amphibians. c. all birds. d. all mammals. e. all of these