In the middle ages, people accused of being witches were often tested by being dunked in a river or pond. If they floated to the surface they were condemned as witches. If they sank and drowned they were posthumously acquitted. This test obviously lacks:
a) reliability.
b) standardization.
c) validity.
d) bias.
ANS: C, These "tests" do not actually assess whether the test-taker is or is not a witch.
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