Explain the role of sigma factors in RNA synthesis in Bacteria
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: A sigma factor is one of five subunits within an RNA polymerase involved exclusively in transcription of DNA to RNA. It identifies and binds to a promoter (initiation) site, notably the highly conservative -10 and -35 sites, which creates an RNA polymerase-DNA template complex that facilitates transcription initiation. A sigma factor then dissociates from the template after a short stretch of RNA is synthesized. They are also subject to regulation by anti-sigma factor proteins that temporarily inactivate a sigma factor and thus halt RNA synthesis.
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The algal ancestors of land plants are most likely similar to the ____
a. Rhodophyta b. Phaeophyta c. Chrysophyta d. Charophyta e. Radiolaria
In animals that take in oxygen from their environment, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water in a process called
A. anaerobic respiration. B. glucose respiration. C. aerobic respiration. D. organic compound respiration.
An X-linked gene is
A. a gene that encodes traits seen only in females. B. a gene on the X chromosome. C. a gene found on any chromosome; they are X-shaped when they are metaphase chromosomes. D. a gene that is turned on (makes protein) only when the female hormone estrogen is present. E. a gene on the X chromosome that encodes traits seen only in females.
Which of the following organisms is photoautotrophic protozoan?
A) oomycote B) cellular slime mold C) Euglena D) Phytophthora E) plasmodial slime mold