The nurse is providing care to a client who admits to smoking 2 packs of per day for 34 years. The client also has a history of intermittent claudication, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
After 6 weeks of smoking cessation the client reports, "yelling at my spouse" and "flying off the handle." Which effects of cigarette smoking are associated with the data collected from the client?
Select all that apply.
A) Nicotine causes destruction of the alveoli.
B) The release of epinephrine causes vasoconstriction.
C) Dopaminergic processes are implicated in withdrawal symptoms.
D) Tar causes the mucus production seen in chronic bronchitis.
E) Tobacco use causes atherosclerosis.
Answer: B, C, D, E
Nicotine causes the release of epinephrine, which triggers vasoconstriction, exacerbating intermittent claudication. Tobacco use causes atherosclerosis, which is seen in intermittent claudication. Tar and other chemicals, not nicotine, cause the destruction of the alveoli seen in emphysema and the productive cough seen in chronic bronchitis.
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