A patient is retaining carbon dioxide. The nurse realizes that which of the following can occur in this patient's cerebrum?
1. cerebral vessel constriction
2. cerebral herniation
3. cerebral vessel vasodilation
4. hydrocephalous
3
Rationale: The brain will demonstrate a decrease in adaptive capacity in response to changes in brain volume, cerebral blood volume, and cerebral spinal fluid volume. When there is an increase in blood carbon dioxide, the cerebral vessels will respond by dilating. This will increase the volume of blood in the brain. The cerebral vessels do not constrict in response to rising carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Cerebral herniation is most commonly the effect of space-occupying lesions or cerebral edema. Hydrocephalous is seen in an obstruction, decreased absorption, or increased production of cerebral spinal fluid.
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