You occasionally check for new email message, but they appear at unpredictable times. Which schedule of reinforcement is present in this case?
a. Fixed-interval
b. Variable-interval
c. Fixed-ratio
d. Variable-ratio
b
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Mr. Manear, a high school literature teacher, noticed that his students always did better on tests if he had given them study questions the day before than if he had not. "Aha," he said, "giving study questions facilitates student learning." Mr. Manear had discovered a
a. theory b. hypothesis c. concept d. law
Historically, the treatment of psychological disorders has been based on __________.
A. the prevailing social norms on how to treat psychological disorders at that point in time B. the prevailing cultural beliefs about the causes of disorders at that point in time C. the execution of individuals to rid society of those diagnosed with psychological disorders D. ritualistic dances, followed by torture, in order to rid people of the psychological disorder
Cognitive development in Piaget's __________ stage involves changing from reflex behavior to intentional action and the attainment of object permanence.
A. sensorimotor B. pre-operations C. concrete operations D. formal operations
Which of the following is true about the stability of IQ scores over time?
a. IQ scores rarely change from age 10 through adulthood. b. The IQ scores of most individuals with mental retardation do not change from age 10 through adulthood. c. The IQ scores of most individuals with moderate, severe or profound mental retardation do not change from age 10 through adulthood. d. The IQ scores of most individuals with mild mental retardation do not change from age 10 through adulthood. e. Intelligence is relatively stable, but it is not fixed.