The patient has edema resulting from heart failure (HF) in both ankles. The nurse interprets this to mean the hydrostatic pressure is higher than what opposing pressure?
A) Pulse pressure
B) Edema pressure
C) Fluid pressure
D) Oncotic pressure
D
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Hydrostatic pressure pushing fluid out of the capillary is soon higher than the oncotic pressure that is trying to pull the fluid back into the vessel, causing fluid to be lost into the tissues. This shift of fluid accounts for the edema seen in association with HF. This transfer of fluid in the capillaries, called the capillary fluid shift, is carefully regulated by a balance between hydrostatic (fluid pressure) forces on the arterial end of the capillary and oncotic pressure (the pulling pressure of the large, vascular proteins) on the venous end of the capillary. Pulse pressure has nothing to do with edema. Edema pressure and fluid pressure do not exist.
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