Which function of modeling is most likely to involve vicarious negative consequences?
a. Prompting
b. Reducing fear
c. Teaching
d. Discouraging
d
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For which of the following has Piaget’s theory of cognitive development been criticized?
a. ?Piaget overestimated the capabilities of young children. b. ?Piaget viewed the developing child in relative isolation from his or her family, community, and culture. c. ?Piaget specified the wrong mechanisms responsible for moving from one stage to the next. d. ?Piaget focused too much on the variability of individual cognitive development.
Folkman's research indicates that during periods of stress
a. positive emotions also occur. b. negative emotions far overshadow any positive emotions. c. no positive emotion can occur if the stress relates to the death of another. d. positive emotions outweigh the negative emotions.
In the NICHD Study of Early Child Care, when babies were exposed to __________, the rate of attachment insecurity increased
A) high-quality child care but insensitive parental caregiving B) inadequate child care but warm, sensitive parental caregiving C) more than one child-care arrangement, regardless of the quality of parental care D) a combination of insensitive caregiving at home and poor-quality child care
Since the early 20th century, the life expectancy of Americans has
A) increased by more than 10 years. B) increased by more than 20 years. C) increased by more than 30 years. D) increased by more than 40 years.