There are arguments for and against the use of statistical data analysis with single-case designs. Which of the following statements summarizes the case against statistical analysis?
a. Visual inspection of data has been shown to be sufficiently reliable, and is usually easier to perform than the complicated tests needed to analyze single-case data.
b. Statistical analysis does not reveal whether the treatment is of practical use, and may actually disguise the fact that the treatment works well for some people and for whom.
c. Statistical analysis favor a conservative approach and therefore may not allow us to detect meaningful changes in behavior. This approach may lead us to reject treatments that may be useful to large groups of people.
d. There are no statistical analyses suited to the time-series kind of behavior generated by single-case designs, nor are there valid means of interpreting what few statistical tests are available.
B
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Public employees can be categorized as either “generalists” or “specialists” and also as either “political” or “merit” employees.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 resulted in
A) the elimination of discriminatory voter-registration tests. B) the passage of state laws permitting considerable discrimination against ethnic minorities. C) dozens of federal court decisions limiting congressional power in overseeing state-run elections. D) a decline in the number of African Americans registered to vote. E) a constitutional amendment changing the voting age.
In the United States, businesses have substantial freedom from government interference, but the government will step in and regulate the economy from timetotime to guarantee individual rights. The United States uses which type of economic system?
a. socialism b. laissez-faire capitalism c. communism d. regulated capitalism
Why can't we study the effects of prolonged separation in infancy in an experimental way?
A) The design would be too cumbersome. B) It is unethical to separate infants from their parents for an extended period of time for the purpose of research. C) Animal models are sufficient for this purpose. D) The research is not likely to get funded.