A child wants a toy that is too big to be pulled straight through the bars of her crib. She studies the toy for some time and then grabs it, turns it sideways, and fits it through the bars. This child is using
a. primary circular reaction.
b. invention of new means through mental combinations.
c. secondary circular reactions.
d. coordination of secondary schemes.
b
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In the United States, risk for Alzheimer's disease is highest for
a. African Americans and Hispanics. b. European Americans and Hispanics. c. European Americans and African Americans. d. European Americans and Asians.
Extinction involves:
a. providing negative reinforcers for the behavior b. providing punishers for the behavior c. withholding the reinforcer for the behavior d. A and C
The Gusii people of Kenya do not speak with their children directly, but it is clear that their children reach the same language milestones as American children. It has been demonstrated that Gusii children learn language from ____
a. their DNA and biological preparedness b. being in social groups where others are using language c. the unfolding of their chromosomal and genetic lineage d. having their language directly stimulated by their parents
In Piaget's theory, the general process by which infant schemas are elaborated, modified, and developed is called:
a. adaptation b. organization c. symbolic representation d. iteration