Phenetics is based upon straightforward comparison of the measurements of the traits of specimens (or on a comparison of their head-length-to-width-ratios, for instance, in order to compensate for juveniles, etc.). However, which of the following situations give(s) an additional problem to this strict classification-by-similarity approach?
A. Sexual dimorphism, or differences between males and females, may lead to them being classified as different species.
B. Ants and termites have many castes, from winged reproductives to smaller workers to large-jawed soldiers, all of which would appear as vastly different species.
C. Organisms with different lineages may share a large number of traits if they are adapted to the same environment-a case of convergent evolution.
D. The selection of traits to measure is still dependent upon what the scientist perceives as differences, and a new microscope or DNA technique would add a new set of ''objective'' traits to compare.
E. All of these situations are problematic.
Ans: E. All of these situations are problematic.
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