A patient is receiving IV caspofungin (Cancidas). Which assessments are most important for the nurse to perform daily? (Select all that apply.)
a. Assessing both calves for swelling, redness, and pain
b. Examining the skin for rash and blisters
c. Assessing capillary refill in fingers and toes
d. Assessing the injection site for irritation or phlebitis
e. Reviewing laboratory reports of white blood cell counts
f. Listening for bowel sounds in all four abdominal quadrants
g. Reviewing laboratory reports for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
A, B, D, G
Echinocandins can increase the rate of clot formation, which increases the risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT is most likely to occur in the veins of the lower legs and in the pelvis. Symptoms of DVT in an extremity include swelling, warmth, and pain or discomfort. All the systemic antifungal agents can cause renal insufficiency. Anyone prescribed these drugs must have renal function monitored. Any intravenous antifungal drug can irritate veins and cause phlebitis. Skin irritation and rashes can occur with systemic antifungal therapy. Rashes may be severe with many types of lesions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome). If the rashes become widespread with crusting, fever, and tissue necrosis, the condition can be life-threatening. Echinocandins do not affect intestinal motility or capillary refill. They also do not directly affect bone marrow production of white blood cells.
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The nurse should admit a client requiring airborne precautions into which of the following types of room?
1. private room with windows that open wide 2. private room with negative pressure 3. two-bed room near the nurse's desk 4. two-bed room near the end of the hall by the elevator
Which of the following barriers is most likely to affect a patient's ability to institute an exercise program?
A) Dislikes getting up in the morning B) Doesn't have extra money to join a gym C) Works long hours D) Doesn't understand consequences of sedentary lifestyle
Who led reform efforts to correct types of inhumane practices in the care of criminals, those with mental disorders, and victims of the Civil War?
a. Dorothea Dix b. Philippe Pinel c. Benjamin Rush d. Clifford Beers
What is a central assumption of the constructivist paradigm?
A. Values and biases can and should be held in check in studying the real world. B. Reality is not fixed; it is multiply constructed and multiply interpreted by humans. C. Objective reality and natural phenomena are regular and orderly. D. Phenomena are not haphazard and result from prior causes.