If a participant has an expectation that a certain experimental manipulation will have an effect, the research can be biased by

A) the placebo effect.
B) demand characteristics.
C) the optimism effect.
D) the Melville effect.


Answer: A

Political Science

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Frequently, experimenters try out new procedures and/or apparatuses by running the experiment using just a few participants. This experiment is called a

a. pilot study. b. test run. c. dry run. d. mini-study.

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The largest foreign holder of the U.S. public debt is China

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Political Science

In the context of functions of government, which of the following is true of power?

A. Its exercise is always recognized as socially moral and is protected by law. B. It involves gettingsomeone to do something that he or she would not otherwise do. C. It necessarily involves the use of force. D. It implies legal action. E. Its exercise is universally illegal.

Political Science

After some of the most obvious practices (e.g., the white primary) that discriminated against minorities in Texas elections were eliminated, minority representation was still minimized through __________

a. elimination of voter identification laws b. passage of the Motor Voter Act c. racial gerrymandering d. passage of the Voting Rights Act

Political Science