How has modern technology helped to produce new types of vaccines?
What will be an ideal response?
Scientists have used a variety of recombinant DNA techniques to produce improved vaccines. They have used these methods to produce large amounts of very pure viral or bacterial antigens. Genetic engineering has been used to alter microbial or viral virulence to produce live recombinant vaccines, such as the rotavirus vaccine. Other methods include injecting into a patient DNA (by way of a plasmid) that codes for the pathogen's antigen rather than injecting the antigen itself. The patient's cells take up the plasmid, then transcribe and translate this DNA to produce antigens, which causes the body to produce a cell-mediated immune response as well as an antibody response.
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Obligate anaerobes can often use ________ electropositive redox couples than facultative anaerobes, and ________ metabolism is most common in this group as well
A) lower / assimilative B) lower / dissimilative C) higher / assimilative D) higher / dissimilative
Which of the following must occur in order to maintain a high pressure potential within guard cells?
A. Energy must be constantly expended. B. Stomata must take up more oxygen and less carbon dioxide. C. Water must exit guard cells by osmosis. D. Potassium ions must be actively transported out. E. The rate of transpiration must increase.
Which of the following statements about Figure 7-1 is true?
a. The reactants have more free energy than the products.
b. The products have more free energy than the reactants.
c. The figure represents a spontaneous reaction.
d. The figure represents an endergonic reaction.
e. The reaction is endergonic, and also the products have more free energy than the reactants.
Convert 0.539 g to mg.
A.5390 B. 53.90 C. 539 D. 5.39